How to Research a Breeder’s Reputation and Ensure They Are Ethical

Finding a reputable breeder is one of the most important steps in bringing a healthy, well-bred dog into your home. With so many breeders advertising online, it can be difficult to separate ethical breeders from those who cut corners or prioritize profit over the welfare of their dogs. In this guide, we’ll walk you through the key steps to researching a breeder’s reputation and ensuring they meet high ethical standards.

Step 1: Start with Breed-Specific Clubs and Registries

When searching for a reputable breeder, one of the best places to start is with breed-specific clubs and national registries. These organizations are dedicated to preserving and improving purebred dogs by promoting ethical breeding practices, health testing, and responsible ownership.

Check the National Breed Club Website

Most breeds have a national parent club affiliated with major registries such as the American Kennel Club (AKC), United Kennel Club (UKC), or the Canadian Kennel Club (CKC). These clubs establish breed standards and offer breeder referral programs that can help you find ethical breeders who adhere to strict guidelines.

Additionally, many national breed clubs host events such as conformation shows, performance trials, and breeder education seminars, which ethical breeders actively participate in. If a breeder is involved in these activities, it’s a good sign they are dedicated to the breed beyond just selling puppies.

Check Out Dog Shows or Dog Sporting Events

If a breeder is involved in these activities, it’s a good sign they are dedicated to the breed beyond just selling puppies. Attending these kinds of events not only allows you to see these dogs in action but can provide valuable insight through asking questions and getting answers from professionals. It is also a great way to network, get involved and find an ethical breeder.

Step 2: Read Reviews and Testimonials

When researching a breeder, one of the most valuable resources is feedback from previous puppy buyers. Their experiences can reveal crucial details about the breeder’s ethics, the quality of their dogs, and how they handle communication and support. Here’s how to dig deeper and evaluate a breeder’s reputation effectively.

Google the Breeder’s Name

Start with a simple Google search of the breeder’s name and kennel. Look for reviews on multiple platforms, such as:

• Dog forums (like The Dog Forum or Breed-Specific Forums) – These communities often discuss breeder experiences in detail.

• Breeder directories – Websites like the Good Dog platform, the Better Business Bureau (BBB), and Yelp may have reviews and ratings.

• Google reviews and blogs – Look for personal stories from past buyers who may have shared their experiences on their websites or blogs.
  

When reading reviews, look for consistent patterns rather than one-off complaints. A single negative review might not mean much, but repeated concerns about poor communication, unhealthy puppies, or lack of transparency are major red flags.

Check Facebook Groups and Dog Owner Communities

Social media is a powerful tool for uncovering honest opinions about breeders. Many breed-specific Facebook groups actively discuss reputable and disreputable breeders.

• Join breed-specific groups – Many groups have discussions or pinned posts listing ethical breeders and those to avoid.

• Search for breeder mentions – Use the group’s search function to look up the breeder’s name and see what others have said.

• Post and ask for feedback – If you’re unsure about a breeder, ask the community. Experienced owners and breeders can provide insight.
  

Keep in mind that some breeders maintain active social media pages where they post updates on their litters. Look for engagement from past buyers who comment with photos or updates on their dogs, as this often indicates satisfied customers.

Ask for References from Previous Puppy Buyers

A reputable breeder should have no issue connecting you with past puppy buyers. When reaching out to these references, ask:

• Was the breeder communicative and transparent?

• Did the puppy come with proper health testing and documentation?

• Have there been any unexpected health or temperament issues?

• Would they buy from this breeder again?
  

Taking the time to verify a breeder’s reputation through reviews and testimonials can help you avoid unethical breeders and find one who truly cares about their dogs and buyers.

Step 3: Evaluate Their Online Presence

In today’s digital world, a reputable breeder’s online presence can tell you a lot about their credibility and ethical practices. A breeder who takes pride in their dogs and breeding program will often have an informative website and an active social media presence. Here’s how to assess their online footprint to ensure you’re dealing with a responsible breeder.

Visit Their Website

A well-maintained website is a sign that a breeder is serious about their program and values transparency. When evaluating a breeder’s website, look for:

• Detailed Information About Their Dogs – Ethical breeders showcase their dogs, including registered names, photos, pedigrees, and accomplishments. If they participate in conformation shows, performance sports, or other canine activities, this is a positive sign of dedication to their breed.
  

• Their Breeding Philosophy – Responsible breeders don’t breed just for profit; they have a purpose behind their pairings. Look for information on their goals, whether it’s improving health, temperament, structure, or working ability.
  

• Health Testing Results – A reputable breeder should list health clearances for their breeding dogs. Look for terms like OFA (Orthopedic Foundation for Animals), CHIC certification, CERF eye exams, or breed-specific genetic testing. If health testing is vaguely mentioned or missing, ask for proof before proceeding.
  

• Puppy-Raising Practices – Do they mention how they socialize their puppies? Ethical breeders often follow structured socialization protocols like Puppy Culture or ENS (Early Neurological Stimulation) to prepare puppies for life in their new homes.
  

A breeder with little to no website information may be hiding something or may not be as invested in ethical breeding as they claim.

Check Their Social Media

In addition to a website, a reputable breeder typically has an active social media presence, such as on Facebook, Instagram, or TikTok. Here’s what to look for:

• Regular Updates – Ethical breeders post about their breeding dogs, upcoming litters, puppy updates, and achievements in dog sports or conformation shows.
  

• Puppy Development and Socialization – Watch for posts showing puppies being handled, socialized, and exposed to different environments, sounds, and experiences.
  

• Engagement with Followers – Responsible breeders interact with past puppy buyers, answer questions, and provide ongoing support for their puppy families.
  

• Beware of “Always Available” Puppies – If a breeder is constantly advertising available puppies or litters without mentioning health testing, waiting lists, or applications, they may be prioritizing profit over ethical breeding.
  

By thoroughly evaluating a breeder’s online presence, you can gain insight into their transparency, credibility, and commitment to ethical breeding.

Step 4: Verify Health Testing and That Health Testing Matches the Parent's Registration Records

When researching a breeder, it's important not to simply take their word for it when they claim their dogs are healthy and have been properly tested for genetic conditions. Ethical breeders prioritize health and genetic testing to ensure that they are not passing on hereditary issues to their puppies. Here’s how you can verify these claims and confirm that a breeder is maintaining the highest standards of care.

Use the OFA and CHIC Websites

Two of the most reliable resources for verifying a dog’s health status are the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) and the Canine Health Information Center (CHIC). Both organizations maintain databases where you can look up health screening results for dogs.

• OFA: The OFA website provides a wealth of information about hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, cardiac health, and other breed-specific health issues. By searching a dog’s registered name or number, you can access official health certifications to confirm that the dog has passed screening tests for common genetic conditions.
  

• CHIC: The CHIC program, established by the American Kennel Club (AKC) and other breed organizations, provides a centralized location for verifying a dog’s health testing results. A dog’s CHIC certification ensures that it has undergone a specific set of tests for the breed’s health concerns. You can search for dogs that have completed testing and meet the program’s requirements.
  

These websites allow you to verify whether the breeder is following proper health testing protocols and whether the dogs are clear of genetic conditions that could affect the puppies.

Ask for Proof of Health Testing

While many breeders may verbally assure you that their dogs are healthy and have passed testing, don’t rely solely on their word. Request documentation of health tests and certifications. A reputable breeder will happily provide records, including test results, health clearances, and pedigree documentation. These documents can help you confirm that the breeding dogs have been screened for inherited health problems such as hip dysplasia, heart conditions, and eye disorders.

Without clear proof of health testing, you are taking a risk by purchasing a puppy that may be predisposed to genetic issues. Ethical breeders understand the importance of transparency and will not hesitate to provide you with detailed records that demonstrate their commitment to breeding healthy, well-screened dogs.

By verifying health testing results through trusted databases and asking for official documentation, you can make a more informed decision and ensure that your future puppy comes from a reputable breeder who is committed to the well-being of their dogs.

Step 5: Meet the Breeder and See Their Dogs

Visiting the breeder’s home or kennel, whether in person or virtually, is one of the most crucial steps in evaluating their breeding practices. It’s not only an opportunity for you to assess the health and well-being of the dogs, but also to see if the environment is conducive to raising happy, healthy puppies. Ethical breeders will welcome the opportunity to show you their facilities and answer any questions you have.

Are the Dogs Well-Cared For?

When you arrive at a breeder's home or kennel, pay close attention to the condition of their dogs. A reputable breeder will ensure that all dogs, from the adults to the puppies, are well-cared for. The dogs should appear healthy, with shiny coats, clean ears, and bright eyes. Their living conditions should be stress-free, and they should be socialized to people, other dogs, and everyday environments. If the puppies are very young, the breeder should be able to show you how they are being raised in a safe and nurturing setting, with appropriate stimulation for their age.

Is the Breeding Area Clean?

Ethical breeders take great pride in maintaining a clean, safe, and well-organized breeding area. The kennel, play areas, and whelping spaces should be hygienic and comfortable. Clean bedding, proper ventilation, and regular sanitation are essential for preventing illness and promoting a healthy environment for the dogs. The area should not be overcrowded, as this can cause stress and lead to poor health outcomes. A breeder who maintains a clean environment demonstrates their commitment to the health and well-being of their dogs.

Are They Willing to Answer Questions?

A responsible breeder is always open to discussing their breeding program, health protocols, and puppy-raising practices. They should be happy to answer any questions you have regarding the breed, genetic testing, health history, and early socialization efforts. A knowledgeable breeder will also provide guidance on how to care for your new puppy and will explain the ongoing support they offer after the sale. If a breeder is reluctant to answer questions or seems defensive, it could be a sign that they are hiding something. A good breeder will be transparent and eager to share their practices, as they are passionate about ensuring the well-being of their puppies and the breed as a whole.

Visiting a breeder’s home or kennel gives you a first-hand look at how their dogs are raised, and it’s an essential part of ensuring you’re dealing with a reputable and ethical breeder.

Step 6: Review the Purchase Agreement and Policies

A reputable breeder will always provide a detailed purchase agreement that outlines the expectations for both the breeder and the puppy buyer. This contract is not just a formality—it is a tool to ensure that both parties are clear on their responsibilities and that the well-being of the dog is prioritized throughout its life. Here’s what you should expect from a responsible breeder’s contract:

Does the Contract Include a Health Guarantee?

One of the most important aspects of a breeder's contract is the health guarantee. Ethical breeders stand behind the health of their puppies and offer a health guarantee to protect buyers from inheriting serious, genetic health issues that might not be immediately apparent. Typically, this guarantee covers issues like congenital heart defects, hip dysplasia, or other breed-specific conditions that can arise in the early months of a dog’s life. A health guarantee often includes a specified time period during which the breeder will take back the puppy or offer a replacement if such issues arise. This assurance helps you feel confident that the breeder is genuinely invested in the health of their puppies and not just interested in selling them.

Do They Require Responsible Ownership?

A reputable breeder cares about the long-term welfare of their dogs. Many ethical breeders include clauses in their contract that require the puppy buyer to demonstrate responsible ownership. This may include a spay/neuter agreement to prevent unplanned breeding, which helps reduce the risk of overpopulation and ensures that puppies are placed in homes where they’ll be cared for responsibly.

Furthermore, responsible breeders often ask buyers to sign an agreement stating that, should they be unable to care for the dog in the future, the dog must be returned to the breeder rather than surrendered to a shelter or rehomed without proper screening. This ensures that the puppy’s welfare remains a priority, no matter the circumstances in the dog’s life.

In essence, the contract is a reflection of the breeder’s commitment to the puppy’s future and demonstrates that they are responsible, ethical, and invested in the dogs they produce.

Step 7: Watch for Red Flags

When researching potential breeders, it’s essential to remain vigilant and look out for red flags that may signal unethical or irresponsible practices. These warning signs can help you avoid breeders who prioritize profit over the welfare of their dogs. Here are some red flags to watch for:

🚩 Won’t Provide Health Testing Documentation

Reputable breeders take the health of their dogs seriously, and they should be able to provide clear documentation for any health testing they have performed, such as hip or heart screenings. If a breeder is unwilling or unable to provide proof of these tests, it’s a major red flag. Health testing is vital for ensuring the genetic integrity of the breed and preventing hereditary health issues in puppies.

🚩 Sell Puppies Without Contracts

A good breeder always provides a purchase contract that outlines both the buyer's and breeder’s responsibilities. If a breeder is selling puppies without a contract, this could indicate they’re not committed to ensuring the long-term welfare of their dogs. The contract typically includes health guarantees, spay/neuter agreements, and expectations for the dog’s care throughout its life.

🚩 Offer Multiple Breeds or Always Have Puppies Available

Breeders who focus on one breed typically have more in-depth knowledge and experience with that breed. If a breeder is constantly advertising multiple breeds or always has puppies available, it could be a sign they are more focused on profits than the well-being of the animals. Ethical breeders usually only breed once or twice a year and may have waiting lists for their puppies.

🚩 Avoid Answering Questions About Their Breeding Program

A reputable breeder should be transparent about their breeding practices, including the health and temperament of the parents, how they raise their puppies, and any challenges they’ve faced. If a breeder becomes defensive or avoids answering your questions, this could indicate a lack of transparency or a willingness to cut corners.

🚩 Don’t Allow Visits to Their Home or Kennel

Visiting a breeder’s home or facility allows you to see how the dogs are cared for. If a breeder refuses to let you visit, it could mean their conditions are not up to standard, or they have something to hide. Ethical breeders will welcome you to see where the puppies are raised and meet the puppy’s parents.

By staying alert to these red flags, you can avoid unethical breeders and find a responsible, reputable source for your next puppy.

Final Thoughts

Taking the time to research a breeder ensures that you are supporting ethical breeding practices and bringing home a healthy, well-adjusted puppy. By following these steps, you can confidently choose a breeder who prioritizes their dogs’ well-being and the betterment of their breed.